Home โ€บ Conditions โ€บ Atrial Fibrillation

Dr Babu Kunadian ยท Consultant Cardiologist

Atrial Fibrillation (AF)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a heart rhythm problem where your heartbeat is not steady. It raises the risk of blood clots and stroke, so expert assessment matters.

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Call 999 or go to A&E if your palpitations do not stop, or you also have chest pain, shortness of breath, or you feel faint or pass out. Do not drive yourself to A&E.

What is atrial fibrillation?

The NHS describes symptoms of AF as an irregular pulse, palpitations, a heart rate over 100 beats a minute, tiredness, chest tightness, breathlessness, and feeling light-headed or dizzy.

Some people have no symptoms at all, and AF is found during a routine check-up or tests for another problem.

AF raises the risk of blood clots and stroke. Anticoagulant (blood-thinning) medicines can lower this risk.

Normal rhythm โ€” regular beats Atrial fibrillation โ€” heartbeat is not steady
In atrial fibrillation your heartbeat is not steady, which shows as an irregular pattern on an ECG. Simplified illustration.

What an AF assessment covers

Tests Dr Kunadian may recommend

Electrocardiogram (ECG)EchocardiogramTransthoracic Echocardiogram (TTE)Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM)

All major private medical insurers are accepted, and self-paying patients are welcome. Please check your cover with your insurer before your appointment.

Frequently asked questions

Can AF cause a stroke?
AF raises the risk of blood clots and stroke. Anticoagulant medicines can lower this risk. Dr Kunadian will discuss whether they are right for you.
I have no symptoms โ€” could I still have AF?
Yes. The NHS notes that some people with AF have no symptoms and are diagnosed during a routine check-up or tests for another problem.
Do I need a GP referral?
Yes. A GP referral letter is required for a private consultation.

Related: Palpitations ยท High Blood Pressure ยท Heart Valve Disease

Sources

Medical information on this page is based on:

Checked October 2026

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This page is general information and does not replace medical advice. If you are worried about your symptoms, speak to your GP. In an emergency, call 999.

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